Stabilized hydrocarbon oil



Patented Jan. 21, 1941 2,229,528

v STABILIZED HYDROCABBQN OIL Bernard H. Shoemaker, Hammond, Ind., assignor toStandard Oil Company, Chicago, 11]., a corporation of Indiana No Drawing. Application March 23, 1938, Serial No. 197,611

Claims. (01. 25235) This invention relates to improvements in be prepared by treating aluminum with butyl allubricating oils and, in particular, to lubricating cohol in the presence of iodine. The reaction oils having improved lubricity, color and sludge which takes place may be illustrated by the folstability and non-rlngsticking properties. lowing equation:

5 It is the primary object of this invention to 5 provide viscous mineral oils, such as lubricating l+6C4Ho0H 2Al(0C4Hs):-l-3 Oils Suitable for use in the lubrication of autolm- The heavy metal alcoholates or thio alcoholates t ve and Dies l e nes and turbines. whi v may also be prepared by treating the metal halide especially d lubricating P p t e a e highly with sodium alcoholate or thio alcoholate, as

10 resistant to color and sludge formation and which illustrated by the equation 10 have no tendency to cause ring sticking, e

I have found that these highly desirable propzncli+ u u (0 u u):+2Na

erties n be imp to ViSoOII-S mineral oils of The corresponding thio alcoholates may be prethe type fin d by ddin to such oils from about pared by substituting the corresponding mercap '0-001% to about 5% and prefera ly fr m about tan for the alcohol or alcoholates in the above 15 0.01% to about 1% of the heavy metal alcoholates equations. and th o alooholatese e heavy metal alo Lubrlcating oils containing small amounts of holates or thio alcoholates have the general the heavy metal alcoholates or thio alcoholates formula M(XR)d in which M is a heavy metal, X are particularly well adapted for use in lubricatis an element selected from the group consisting ing high speed combustion engines, especially en f xy d u R is B radical selected from gines of the Diesel type because of their property the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl and of eliminating or materially reducing the tendy 171 c s and n p ese ts e n mber ency to ring sticking. Ring sticking is due to the of the effective valences of the metal M. The decomposition or breakdown of the lubricants 25 yl l'floa-l i Pr f y n ntaining at least under high temperatures and pressures to form three carbon atomsinthe radical. sludge and other products of decomposition The term heavy metal as used herein and in and/or oxidation which are deposited or formed the appended claims includes the elements such in the piston ring grooves. Ring sticking causes as aluminum, zinc, iron, tin, lead, antimony, etc., excessive blow-by resulting in decreased engine and excludes the light metals such as potassium. efiiciency, excessive oil consumption and engine 30 S u um, strontium, barium wear. While the addition of heavy metal alcoand the like. holates and/or thio alcoholates of the type herein A8 Specific examples of the alcoholates or thio described materially improves the efiectiveness alooholalies which may e e v y us d a e! 'of Diesel lubricating oils derived from any petro- Aluminum butylate AMOQHQ) 3 leum base oil or synthetic lubricating oils, greater 35 Aluminum laurylate A1 (0C12H25 3 improvement is obtained when the heavy metal Aluminum cycle hexylate Al(o(Cyc1o)C6Hn) alcoholates or thio alcoholates are added to Diesel Aluminum thio butylate A1 SC4H9 3 lubricating oils derived from naphthemc base Zinc amylate zmocsnmz crude oils. These Diesel lubricating oils prefer- 40 Zinc laurylate zmocmflm 2 ably have a viscosity in the range of a S. A. E. 10 40 Zinc tyl t Zn(sC4H9)2 to a. S. A. E. and a viscosity index Of 1101'; Ferric amylate Fe(OC5Hn)3 I Over t or Lead thioamylate PMSCsHlDz In addition to preventing ring sticking the I heavy metal alcoholates and thio alcoholates 45 My invention contemp a e the use of the when added to lubricating oils prevent the deresponding i s f y of the above velopment of color forming bodies and materially pounds and mixtures of the alcoholates and/0r decrease t tendency of lubricating 11 t thio alcoholates, such as for example the lorolates crease i viscosity during use. They are effective which are a mixture of al yl alooholates having in stabilizing viscous hydrocarbon oils aginst color 30 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain but preand ludge formation during storage, They are dominately dodecyl and tet a decyl derivatives also-efiective oxidation inhibitors for other petro- The alcoholates or thio a-lcohol y be p leum products such as insulating oils, transformer pared by treating the metal with an alcohol or 11 t mercaptan using iodine or tin tetra chloride as a I lai carrier. For example, aluminum butylate may 1, Th method of preventing ring sticking in 55 Diesel engines which comprises lubricating said engines with a lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil normally having the tendency to cause ring sticking in such engines and a heavy metal alcoholate having the general formula MQKR) in which M is a heavy metal, X is an element selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, R is a radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl and hydroaryl radicals and n represents the number Diesel engine which comprises lubricating said engine with a lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil normally having the tendency to cause ring sticking in such engine and a small amount oi aluminum lorolate in small but sufllcient quantity to substantially inhibit ring sticking.

4. The method of preventing ring sticking in a Diesel engine which comprises lubricating said engine with a lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil normally having the tendency to cause ring sticking in such engine and a small amount of zinc octylate in small but suflicient quantity to'substantially inhibit ring sticking.

5. The method of preventing ring sticking in a Diesel engine which comprises lubricating said engine with a lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil normally having the tendency to cause ring sticking in such engines and a small amount of aluminum thioamylate in small but suilicient quantity to substantially inhibit ring sticking. BERNARD H. SHOEMAKER. 

